China is estimated to be home to half of the world's almost 800 million surveillance cameras.
It also has a large number of smart cities, such as Chongqing, where AI is built into the foundations of the urban environment.
Chongqing-based investigative journalist Hu Liu told Panorama of his own experience: "Once you leave home and step into the lift, you are captured by a camera. There are cameras everywhere."
"When I leave home to go somewhere, I call a taxi, the taxi company uploads the data to the government. I may then go to a cafe to meet a few friends and the authorities know my location through the camera in the cafe.
"There have been occasions when I have met some friends and soon after someone from the government contacts me. They warned me, 'Don't see that person, don't do this and that.'
"With artificial intelligence we have nowhere to hide," he said.