But the challenge with any assessment system will be catering for the larger learning loss suffered by some pupils. Without exams going ahead this summer, we face a huge decision: how to create a fair system for awarding grades that will shape the life prospects of more than a million teenagers, many of whom will have missed out on large chunks of education this year. The exam regulator for England, Ofqual, has been tasked with coming up with “alternative arrangements”. One suggestion that has been mooted is a combination of exams and teacher assessments. It seems likely that teacher-assessed grades will replace GCSE and A-Level exams.