Hong Kong enacted an anti-racism law in 2008, after pressure from international organizations, including the United Nations. But activists say it's a flawed, toothless piece of legislation that fails to hold authorities accountable. Hongkong isparticularly racially homogenous city, with ethnic Chinese making up about 96% of the population, not including foreign domestic workers.  Hong Kong's immigration laws make it harder for certain groups to naturalize and build second- and third-generation minority communities. For instance, foreign domestic workers are not allowed to gain residency; in one highly publicized case in 2013. Of Hong Kong's ethnic minorities, defined as all non-Chinese groups, about 43% in 2016 were South or Southeast Asian, according to the legislative body's research office. This includes Indians, Pakistanis, Nepalese, Filipinos, Indonesians and more. Pakistanis, Indonesians and Thais tend to have disproportionately high poverty rates. For instance, more than half of all Pakistanis in Hong Kong live below the poverty line without any interventions, according to a 2016 government report. The poverty line is defined as earning half or less of the median monthly household income, which ranges from 20,000 to 59,900 Hong Kong dollars (about $2,580-7,729) depending on household size.